When we think of moths, it’s easy to picture the larger, more flamboyant species. Yet, micromoths – smaller, often overlooked members of the Lepidoptera order – hold incredible charm and diversity.
Below, Paul Carter, Phlorum’s Principal Ecologist and micromoth super-fan, spotlights six fascinating micromoth species found in the UK, each with unique characteristics and intriguing life histories.
Alabonia geoffrella
Family: Oecophoridae
With its intricate patterns, and elegant posture, Alabonia geoffrella is a visual treat. This diurnal micromoth is often seen basking on vegetation or flying during sunny spring and early summer days. It thrives in woodland edges and hedgerows, where larvae feed on decaying wood in tree trunks and fallen branches. Its striking metallic blues and oranges make it one of the most recognizable micromoths in the UK.
Musotima nitidalis
Family: Crambidae
An introduced species, Musotima nitidalis arrived in the UK from Australasia in the late 2000s — probably imported on tree ferns. Despite its non-native status, this small but beautiful moth has been spreading steadily, especially in southern England. Its larvae feed on ferns, particularly Dryopteris species. Adults, which fly in late summer, have delicate golden-brown wings adorned with intricate white markings. At this stage it is unclear whether it poses a risk to native biodiversity.
Esperia sulphurella
Family: Oecophoridae
Esperia sulphurella can often be seen flying in daylight in early summer around dead wood. Its shimmering metallic bronze wings are speckled with yellow blotches, making it easy to spot against the backdrop of woodland and gardens. The larvae feed on decaying wood, playing a vital role in nutrient recycling in ecosystems.
Anania coronata
Family: Crambidae
Anania coronata, commonly referred to as the “Elderberry Pearl,” is widespread across the UK, especially in areas with elder (Sambucus) bushes. Adults have pale creamy forewings with darker, intricate banding, which gives them a delicate, lacy appearance. Active from May to August, they frequent hedgerows, gardens, and woodland margins. The larvae feed on elder leaves, creating a network of silk and feeding signs that are easy to spot.
Nemophora degeerella
Family: Adelidae
This longhorn moth is easily recognized by its extraordinary antennae, which can be several times the body length in males. Nemophora degeerella is a springtime moth, flying gracefully in sunny clearings, meadows, and woodland edges. Its shimmering bronze and gold wings, combined with the long antennae, make it one of the most visually captivating micromoths in the UK. Larvae feed on leaf litter, contributing to the decomposition cycle.
Commophila aeneana
Family: Tortricidae
A localized species, Commophila aeneana is primarily found in chalk grasslands in southern England. The moth’s vivid orange-red wings with dark metallic bands make it an unmistakable sight. It flies in June and July, favouring sunny days and warm evenings. Its larvae feed on Centaurium and other small herbaceous plants, often weaving a protective cocoon of silk and leaves.
Why Micromoths Matter
Though small, micromoths play outsized roles in ecosystems, from pollination to nutrient cycling. They also act as indicator species by their association with certain habitats and vegetation types. By observing and documenting these lesser-known species, we gain a deeper appreciation for the UK’s biodiversity. Whether you’re a seasoned lepidopterist or a curious beginner, spotting these micro-marvels is a rewarding experience.
Dr Paul Beckett is one of the UK’s leading experts in Japanese knotweed and is a member of the Expert Witness Institute. He regularly provides Japanese knotweed expert witness services. He helped produce the RICS knotweed guidance for surveyors and was integral in the formation of the Property Care Association (PCA) Invasive Weed Control Group (IWCG).
